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#延迟退休#引海内外热议。国内外英文媒体报道时,躲不开一个棘手的翻译问题:如何在英文中区分“女干部”和“女工人”?
我国现行法定退休年龄为男职工60周岁、女干部55周岁、女工人50周岁。从2025年1月1日起,以15年时间逐步将男职工法定退休年龄延到63岁,女干部、女工人法定退休年龄则分别延到58岁、55岁。
退休人员手捧鲜花告别职场资料图:新华社
新华社英文稿这样表述:
The statutory retirement age for men will be gradually raised from 60 to 63 in the course of 15 years starting 2025, while that for women cadres and women blue-collar workers will be raised from 55 to 58 and from 50 to 55, respectively. (Sept. 13, Xinhua)
路透社、美联社均以“白领”“蓝领”来区分“女干部”和“女工人”:
The retirement age will be raised for men to 63 years old from 60, while for women in white collar work it would be raised to 58 years from 55. For women in blue collar work it will be increased to 55 from 50. (Sept. 13, Reuters)
美国彭博社把“女干部”界定为“担任管理岗的女性”,以“ordinary workers”描述“女工人”:
Men will retire at 63 instead of 60. Women will retire at 55 instead of 50 for ordinary workers, and 58 instead of 55 for those in management positions. (Sept. 13, Bloomberg)
CNN比较机智,以“视工作岗位而定”进行模糊化处理:
Existing rules stated that men in urban areas could retire at 60 and receive their pensions, and women at 50 or 55, depending on their occupation. (Sept. 13, CNN)
最好玩的是《华尔街日报》,直接把职场女性分为“蓝领(blue-collar women)”和“其他(other women)”,估计是不想在“女干部”一词上浪费太多脑细胞。请看:
Beijing on Friday moved to gradually raise the statutory retirement age to 63 for men and 55 for blue-collar women. The retirement age for other women will increase to 58 from 55. (Sept. 13, WSJ)
英文媒体这些五花八门的处理方式,真是让人眼花缭乱!
“女干部”“女工人”这样充满年代感的划分,需要在中国特定的政治文化中去理解,很难在外文中找到对应词,英文记者编辑选词时往往陷入顾此失彼、穷于应付的尴尬境地。
实践中,到底如何区分“女干部”和“女工人”?据新华社报道:
“原来50周岁退休的是女工人,55周岁退休的是女干部。目前多数地方主要根据工作岗位确定女性退休年龄,一般生产操作岗位按照50周岁执行、管理技术岗位按照55周岁执行。”人力资源社会保障部中国劳动和社会保障科学研究院院长莫荣介绍,决定有一个小细节,就是将二者统一为女职工来表述,避免了身份争议,也顺应了当前社会环境变化。
根据这一权威解读,以上译法似乎都包不住“女干部”一词的内涵。以带有社会主义意识形态色彩的单词“women cadres”来表达“女干部”,大概也是无奈之举。好在,以后应该统一用“女职工”来表述了!
很多时候,英文不好表述,根子在中文。“顺应社会环境变化”调整文风,国际传播工作或许更好干一些。
(本文首发于微信公众号“外宣微记”,观察者网已获作者授权转载。)